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医疗保障/Medical Insurance

绝大多数杞农并不持有宁夏的本地户口,多从附近的省市迁徙至宁夏,但并未落户。在现阶段,持有外省医保的人员,并不能够享受所有医保覆盖的权利。这代表着,杞农在遭遇疾病等情况时,医保并不能够覆盖大部分药品的金额,一些老年人多发的疾病的治疗措施多需要自费。使用医保的高门槛与复杂程序,使得绝大多数杞农对于医院望而生畏,对待疾病的态度也因此出现了消极的变化。

在本次笔者访谈的四位杞农中,就有两位杞农明确提到自己的身体存在一定隐患,但是出于经济窘迫等原因,不愿去医院检查或者进行针对性手术,目前只愿意通过吃药等方式遏制病情。许多在大众看来最常识性的问题,例如老年人一些特殊不适所代表的潜在严重隐患(心脑血管疾病,肿瘤,骨质疏松等),却被这一群体无奈的缩小,甚至是刻意忽略。对于杞农来说,他们面临着一个艰难而残酷的选择。身体的频繁不适当然警戒着他们,需要立即就医彻底检查;但是检查也就带来了与之匹配的高额医药费。一个月辛勤的劳动所得,可能甚至不够特效药与靶向治疗药物的零头。可是这一笔工钱,杞农还需要用来购买家里必须的食物等等。 两难中,绝大部分杞农都会选择拖延治疗,直到不堪疼痛的困扰才会购买一些缓解的药物。

以杞农作为有代表性的样本,外省户籍劳务群体的就医问诊困境,是迫切需要被认识到的。即使医保制度正在不断完善,依然有无法妥善覆盖的漏洞存在。杞农群体便是现金医保制度下仍然存在的弱势群体。老龄化严重,工作强度高的杞农群体面临老年病,身体劳损等疾病的风险更大,因而对于国家分配的医疗资源的需求也更大。免费体检,药品补贴,手术费用减免等等政策,都能够极大帮助到这些弱势群体。

The vast majority of wolfberry farmers do not hold local household registration in Ningxia. Most of them migrated to Ningxia from nearby provinces and cities, but did not change their household registration. At this stage, people with medical insurance from other provinces are not able to enjoy all the rights covered by medical insurance. This means that when these wolfberry farmers encounter diseases and other situations, medical insurance cannot cover the cost of most medicines, and medicine for diseases common among the elderly require self-pay. The high threshold and complicated procedures for using medical insurance have made most wolfberry farmers afraid of hospitals, and their attitude towards diseases also changed negatively.
Among the four wolfberry farmers interviewed by us, two wolfberry farmers clearly mentioned that they have certain hidden risks in their bodies, but due to financial constraints and other reasons, they are unwilling to go to the hospital for examination or targeted surgery. Currently, they are only willing to Control the condition by taking relief medicines. Many of the most common-sense issues in the eyes of the public, such as the potential serious hidden diseases represented by some special discomforts of the elderly (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, osteoporosis, etc.), have been helplessly reduced or even deliberately ignored by this group. For wolfberry farmers, they face a difficult and cruel choice. Frequent physical discomfort certainly alerts them to the need for immediate medical treatment and thorough examination; however, the examination also brings corresponding high medical expenses. The income from a month of hard work may not even be enough to pay for specific medicines and targeted therapy drugs. But with this salary, farmers still needs to use it to buy necessary food and goods for the family. In the dilemma, most wolfberry farmers will choose to delay treatment until the pain is unbearable, and then purchase some relief drugs like Ibuprofen.
Taking these wolfberry farmers as a representative sample, the medical consultation dilemma of laborers whose household registrations are in other provinces urgently needs to be recognized. Even though the medical insurance system is constantly improving, there are still loopholes that cannot be properly covered. The wolfberry farmers group is a vulnerable group that still meets difficulties under today's medical insurance system. Farmers with serious aging and high work intensity are at greater risk of geriatric diseases, physical strain and other diseases, and therefore have greater demand for medical resources allocated by the state. Policies such as free physical examinations, drug subsidies, and surgical fee reductions can greatly help these vulnerable groups.

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